Rune and Tarot Readings for N.J. with Saint Cyprian

Date: October 23, 2018
Sun Phase: Set, Showers Nearby
Moon Phase: Full Moon in 11 degrees Aries
Mansion of the Moon: Sharatain
Planetary Day: Day of the Moon
Planetary Hour: Hour of the Moon
Activities: Casting of a Natal Chart; Solomonic Ritual Bathing with Hyssop; Preliminary Prayers; Offering to God; Solomonic Bell Sounding to the Spirits of the Quarters; Offerings to Saint Cyprian and Gabriel; Second Phase of Prayers; Invocation of the Divine; Invocation of the Trinity; Exorcism of the Runes and Purification by Holy Water; Solomonic Consecration of the Runes with Frankincense Suffumigations, Holy Water Asperging, and Saint Cyprian Oil Anointing; Invocation of Raphael, Gabriel, Michael, and Uriel to empower the Runes; Invocation of the Trinity; Canticle of Saint Cyprian; Rite of the Crook of Saint Cyprian; Psalms Recitation; Recitation of al-Fatiha and al-Adiyat; Gifts of Rune Divination and Tarot Divination for a friend; Temple Closing

After consecrating the Runes on the Day and Hour of the Moon on this Full Moon, I cast three Runes for a Three Norn reading for my friend N.J.

Here is what I told N. regarding the two readings.

I asked the Oracle “what will the likely outcome be if N. pursues what he sees as his calling towards the Palo Mayombe tradition?”

For this Three-Norn Reading, I cast a series of Three Runes.

The first Rune is the Norn Urd; the past- past actions & situations that relate to the question. Here, we find Ansuz, linked to knowledge, wisdom, communication, the mouth, and a message. Indeed, Ansuz is primarily Odin’s Rune. The sense is that you have a rich and wise background of spiritual knowledge and yet have been looking for additional signs and confirmations, perhaps wondering if in Palo, you might find the missing answers you still seek.

The middle Rune is Norn Verdandi; the present- what is influencing you right now. Here, you have Thurs. The sense is that right now, you have a sense of a challenge. Thurs is partly Thor’s hammer, but also the giants he fought with it. The sense is that you are experience a sense of potential magical power, but also coming up against forces of chaos. When this Rune comes up, it tends to suggest a Warning against a Temptation. The thorn can be used to pierce the veil, but it also might backfire and stab you. Be careful. This Rune can be a sign that if you push forward along the path you are pursuing, your luck may run out. In connection with your question, this suggests that you are aware that there are dangers in pursuing the Palo path and are trying to assess the possibility carefully to see if it is really the best course of action for you. This is wise, and advised by Thurs here.

The final Rune represents the likely future outcome, Norn Skuld; the future- what will likely happen to answer your question. The Rune here is Isa, which means ice. This Rune has an ambivalent nature; ice may be beautiful, but also dangerous. The sense here, in connection with the other Runes, is that if you pursue the Palo Path, you may be walking on thin ice and face great danger. When Isa comes up, the advice tends to be “don’t rush this decision so that you don’t rashly fall into danger or get yourself stuck in a rut. Patience and wisdom are called for.” One of the darker meanings of Isa is that what may seem like a bridge to somewhere new or a place we are trying to get to (e.g. ice between two shores) can sometimes be that, but it can also be a trap; in trying to cross over the ice bridge, we may fall in and drown. Great caution is advised.”

To seek greater clarity, I then performed a Nine-card Tarot reading, I asked Cyprian “what will the likely outcome be if N. pursues what he sees as his calling towards the Palo Mayombe tradition?”

Here were the results of this second reading:

In this 9-card reading, a type of reading I sometimes use because of the connections of the number 9 to the Moon, which are very appropriate on this Day and Hour of the Full Moon, when I performed the reading, Card 1 is the present. This card represents what is happening to the querent at the present time. It also reflects the querent’s state of mind and how they may be perceiving the situation.

Your Present card is the Two of Pentacles Reversed. Upright, this card tends to suggest multiple priorities, time management, prioritisation, adaptability. Reversed, it can suggest that we are experiencing overcommitment, disorganisation, reprioritisation. We may be juggling two many things–or magical projects!–at once. If we juggle too much, we risk dropping what we’re juggling. You are in a period of transition, of chaos within your order, of trying to reorganize your life and reprioritise. The Two of Pentacles often appears when you are experiencing a state of ‘busyness’, rushing from one thing to the next, with little downtime in between. You may be constantly telling yourself that you don’t have enough time or you’re in a rush. However, keep in mind that you don’t have to be busy to get things done. Sometimes taking a break is the most productive thing you can do. This card brings your awareness to the concept of balance in your life right now. While you can seek out balance and equilibrium, nothing is ever in perfect balance (and if it is, everything is in a state of change so it is likely to get out of balance shortly after). The Two of Pentacles reversed suggests you’re trying to reassess your priorities and find a new sense of balance in your life.

In this 9-card reading, Card 2 is the past. This card represents the events that have lead up to the present situation and may provide some indication of how the challenge came about — this suggests what might have prompted you to consider pursuing Palo.

Your card here is the Eight of Cups Upright. This is a card of disappointment, abandonment, withdrawal, and escapism. You may have faced some challenges, some disappointments, or find yourself having to withdraw or abandon old ways, a relationship, a job, or another tradition. To quote an apt description of this card, “The cups are placed in such a way that it appears as if there is one missing, a sign that emotional fulfilment and wholeness is lacking in some way. The man has turned his back on these cups with a feeling of loss and disappointment, and walks away into the mountains. The river nearby is symbolic of the emotions he is feeling, and the mountains represent awareness that this isn’t going to be an easy journey (though it is a necessary journey for true long-term happiness). The moon in the night’s sky illuminates the path ahead, while suggesting that there may be some level of escape or avoidance in this card, given the man is leaving in the dead of night hoping to go unnoticed.” Are you avoiding something? Are you trying to use Palo as a form of escapism? These are questions this card compassionately raises for our own good.

In this 9-card reading, Card 3 is the Future. This card represents what is likely to occur within the next few weeks or even months if you pursue your perceived calling towards Palo. This is not the final outcome, simply the next step on the journey.

The card here is the Ten of Swords Reversed. Reversed, this card suggests taking on too much, avoiding responsibility. Combined with the avoidance of the Eight of Cups Upright, the suggestion is that if you dive into Palo now, you will be taking on way too much new responsibilities while still avoiding whatever it is you are trying to escape. Reversed, the Ten of Wands indicates that you are unnecessarily holding on to this burden when you do not need to. If you are feeling weighed down by your present circumstances, look at different ways you can lighten the load. Can you delegate certain tasks and responsibilities? Are you worrying about matters that do not concern you or cannot be changed? Do not become a martyr and take on more than you can realistically handle, this card cautions.

In this 9-card reading, Card 4 is the Above Card. This card reflects the querent’s goal, aspiration or best outcome with regards to the situation. It is what the querent is working towards consciously as they attempt to resolve the issue.

The card here is the Ace of Wands Upright. This suggests that you are considering Palo because you feel in it a sense of inspiration, power, creation, beginnings, and potential. You feel as if a “new Wand” or offer is being handed to you and you don’t want to pass it up. You’re excited by the seed of a new opportunity and adventure. However, at the same time, the Ace of Wands suggests a sense of restlessness and uncertainty; you’ve got a burst of energy, but you’re trying to figure out how to channel it effectively, which is wise.

In this 9-card reading, Card 5 is the Below Card. This card reflects that which is within the subconscious realm of the querent and delves much deeper into the core foundation of the situation. It symbolises the underlying feelings and trends associated with the situation and can indicate what is truly driving the querent. This card may bring a surprise message to the querent, particularly if they are not deeply connected to their inner being (watch out for reversed cards here which are likely to indicate that this is an ‘unknown’ to the querent).

Here, you’ve got the Three of Swords, which suggests that you are being subconsciously driven by painful separation, sorrow, heartbreak, grief, rejection. This may suggest that you are coping with some difficult feelings or experiences by wisely seeking out a new beginning, or unwisely trying to run away and avoid this by distracting yourself with a new venture. Which is it here? The other cards suggest avoidance and escapism, so I’m wondering what you might be avoiding? Can you put the Palo plan on hold for a while and work on facing what you’ve been avoiding, processing it fully, and sitting with it so you can integrate it and grow from the experience? This is what this card suggests.

In this 9-card reading, Card 6 is the Advice Card. The advice card takes into account all that is happening within the querent’s life and presents a recommendation for what approach can be taken to address the current challenges.

Here, your card is the Devil Reversed. This suggests that what might be wisest for you right now is for you to focus on releasing limiting beliefs, exploring dark thoughts, and detachment. This follows up on what the other cards have already said. If you’ve been avoiding something, running away, or escaping, or trying to use Palo to do that, the best thing to do is to stop and pause so you don’t slip on thin ice and drown by overwhelming yourself (to link it to the Isa Rune). You’ve got a Thorn in your side right now (the Thurs Rune), but instead of trying to avoid the pain, it might be best to focus on gently examining the wound and removing the Thorn. The Devil Reversed suggests that as well as letting go of whatever materialistic greed you may be feeling that may be pushing you in an unhelpful and unwise direction. This is not a time to rush into Palo, the cards and Runes are in very clear agreement; both suggest slowing down, taking caution, and focusing on your own shadow work instead of using magic as an avoidance tool (whether you are already doing that or *tempted* to do it).

In this 9-card reading, card 7 is External influences.  This card highlights the people, energies or events which will affect the outcome of the question and are beyond the querent’s control.

The reversed Nine of Pentacles is all about self-worth. When you see this card in a Tarot reading, you may find yourself reflecting on your own sense of self-worth and value. You’re going through something that is making you reflect on whether you’re ‘enough’ in some way. You’re questioning or avoiding looking at your own worthiness concerns, and potentially shame. If you’re trying to use Palo to increase your sense of self worth or become worthy, this card, especially combined with the Devil Reversed, suggests questioning the project; maybe you’re *already* worthy and good enough and don’t need Palo to become so. Maybe the systems and Spirits you’re already working with are worthy enough. This card invites reflection on these points.

In this 9-card reading, card 8 is Hopes and/or fears. This is perhaps one of the most difficult positions to interpret. Keep in mind that hopes and fears are closely intertwined, therefore that which we hope for may also be that which we fear, and so may fail to happen.

Your card here is Temperance Reversed. This suggests that you are looking to Palo hoping for healing and realignment, but you are afraid pursuing it will cast you into excess or throw your life even more out of balance. The other cards suggest that this worry is warranted; you are already juggling a lot and Palo is a very demanding tradition that will impose many more demands on you. The other cards are not suggesting to race ahead with this; on the contrary, they are suggesting doing your shadow work, working through your feelings or issues you’re avoiding, and being patient and taking time to figure things out. This is the only way to avoid hurting yourself worse (Thurs Rune) and slipping and drowning through thin ice (Isa Rune).

In this 9-card reading, card 9 is the likely Outcome. This card is representative of where the situation is headed and if/how the issue will be resolved. It assumes the outcome based on the querent continuing their current course of action. Of course, if the outcome card is not a desirable outcome, it is within the free will of the querent to make the necessary changes to their situation.

Card 9 here is the Four of Pentacles Reversed. In this position, this card suggests that if you keep pursuing Palo at this time, you risk experiencing over-spending, greed, or trying to unhealthily protect yourself in a way that won’t help your growth or move you forward. The reversed Four of Pentacles can appear when you are re-evaluating what’s important to you, especially when it comes to material priorities (this card links to the Reversed Two of Pentacles in your Present position). You may have placed too much value on material possessions and have now come to the realization that money and ‘things’ won’t make you happy. As a result, you may be loosening your grip on the need to surround yourself with ‘things’, in favour of seeking out more love and happiness in your life instead. You might be compelled to declutter your home or opt for a minimalist lifestyle. Money is no longer your number one priority and you are redefining your relationship with material possessions and money.

This card may also suggest greed for “more, more, more” in the occult realm too. The card seems to ask if you are only pursuing Palo out of greed masquerading as “noble inspiration and good intentions” (Ace of Wands in your conscious intentions, Above Card position). It also warns you that you may fall into deeper greed if you pursue this path and that this may not be what is best for you. It may also suggest that you risk running into financial problems as you attempt to do everything required for initiation into Palo and the lifetime of demands expected of you thereafter. Once again, the cards invite being careful and not rushing into anything before you take care of the practical matters in your life and the emotional wounds, shame, or residual issues in your inner or emotional life. The Runes suggest much the same thing; these two readings are in complete harmony.

Your above and below cards are contrasting; this suggests that you’re being driven by avoidant motives and past pain you may not even realize are driving you to Palo while you think you are doing it to seek a noble new experience or follow inspiration. Try to bridge the gap by making the unconscious influences conscious and working through whatever feelings you may be avoiding.

Your above and outcome cards are also contrasting; you’re hoping for inspiration, novelty, and a new experience, but you may fall into greed, imbalance, and financial problems if you continue down this path. Be careful.

Your future and outcome card suggest together that if you pursue this path, you’ll risk not only all of the above problems, but also stretching yourself too thin, taking on too many responsibilities, and trying to juggle more than you can keep up with. Stripping down is wiser than taking on more at this time.

If you work on healing the betrayal, pain, or whatever it is you are avoiding, you may be able to avoid falling into imbalance and intemperance (what you’re afraid of). The cards suggest this as the wisest course of action, very clearly. Your Runes agree.

Hope this helps!

***

Here is what N. shared based on the readings above, after I shared my results with him, so as not to bias my readings:

“That is very interesting, brother! Yes very accurate with facing a challenge right now. A little uncertainty with upcoming decisions. Where to place focus in my life as I have achieved previous goals. I agree completely to assess things and see what is the best course action.

Palo initiation would only be a year or so from now, however Nsasi from Palo is reaching out to me in very strong ways. I feel my own energy field changing since the Palo reading. I was told I need to be initiated, otherwise I will have missing pieces in my life and need the protection. (My old mentor has sent attacks to block my roads). He was in palo, but in obeah, voodoo also. So in conclusion brother, with what I perceive with the reading… it to use wisdom, patience and caution. To test things and gain deeper insight into decisions before making them. I completely agree and do not wish to rush into anything.”

I replied:

“Yes, that sounds very appropriate, and the Runes bear out all aspects of what you mentioned above, including coming from a background of having attained your goals and the wisdom you sought in other domains but still seeking more. I agree.”

He added the results of consulting Archangel Cassiel for guidance:

“Cassiel, when I asked him, spoke that the decision was ultimately up to me to be made. Between me and God, and it was not his decision. However he did also express the responsibility from this and to always have a sincere heart. In Palo, my intention is not for power, it is the desire to experience the tradition and to be able to acquire ability to help more people. Its been calling very strongly lately. The Spirits of it have been reaching out heavily.”

My reply:

“Cassiel’s advice seems wise. Your Rune and Tarot reading are both pointing out risks, dangers, and potential threats if you dive too rapidly into Palo. They are not outright saying not to pursue it, but they are strongly encouraging working through your own practical life issues and lingering emotional wounds before going further, should you choose to do so.”

 

 

 

Hybrid Cyprianic / Solomonic Consecration of Amethyst Runes

By Frater S.C.F.V.

Date: October 22, 2018
Sun Phase: Set, Showers Nearby
Moon Phase: Full Moon in 11 degrees Aries
Mansion of the Moon: Sharatain
Planetary Day: Day of the Moon
Planetary Hour: Hour of the Moon
Activities: Casting of a Natal Chart; Solomonic Ritual Bathing with Hyssop; Preliminary Prayers; Offering to God; Solomonic Bell Sounding to the Spirits of the Quarters; Offerings to Saint Cyprian and Gabriel; Second Phase of Prayers; Invocation of the Divine; Invocation of the Trinity; Exorcism of the Runes and Purification by Holy Water; Solomonic Consecration of the Runes with Frankincense Suffumigations, Holy Water Asperging, and Saint Cyprian Oil Anointing; Invocation of Raphael, Gabriel, Michael, and Uriel to empower the Runes; Invocation of the Trinity; Canticle of Saint Cyprian; Rite of the Crook of Saint Cyprian; Psalms Recitation; Recitation of al-Fatiha and al-Adiyat; Gifts of Rune Divination and Tarot Divination for a friend; Temple Closing

Today was a busy day.  In the morning, and very appropriately, I received, on this Full Moon on the Day of the Moon, my new set of hand-carved Amethyst Runes. I, therefore, decided to plan to consecrate the new Runes this evening in the Day and Hour of the Moon.

Appropriately, the Full Moon is in Aries, a great time for work on powerful new beginnings, as well as in the al-Sharatain Mansion of the Moon.  As Christopher Warnock points out,

The warlike ardor of Aries the Ram, ruled by the planet Mars, is necessary for all beginnings. It provides the impetus to move forward, to overcome inertia and change the status quo. The Mansion is auspicious for beginnings, journeys and for taking medicine, as here the Moon transmits the force and power vital to breaking the hold of illness over the body. Keywords: Divine Mind, primal transmission and the power of creation/destruction, active energy and dynamic force.

As a side note, while Agrippa ascribes Amethyst to Mars in his Three Books of Occult Philosophy and Crowley ascribes it to Jupiter in Liber 777, I tend to side with the folk magical tradition that ascribes Amethyst to the Moon, which seems more consistent with its properties to facilitate reflection, clarify the mind to see into Mysteries and hidden virtues, and so on, as attested in Ancient Greek lore.

With purple also being linked to the Sphere of Yesod, the Sphere of the Moon, in the Queen Scale of the Golden Dawn and also being linked to Saint Cyprian, Amethyst seems to me to be a very appropriate choice for a set of Runes.  With that said, even if we take into account the Mars valences of Amethyst as per Agrippa, the connection is nevertheless auspicious since the Luar Mansion of Al-Sharatain is a strong time for Martian and Aries-like bursts forward with new creative energy and endeavours.

The day flew by with my clinical research course and doing what I could to encourage support for the Native Women’s Shelter of Montreal, helping a woman with directions, and casting a Natal Chart for a friend. I decided that I would do three magical acts of service today as service-based Offerings, since I believe service is not only intrinsically valuable, but pleases the Divine. In addition, I find that Saint Cyprian seems to be far more happy to help with my magical operations when I do acts of service for others as Offerings to him. As a result, I resolved to cast a Natal Chart for my friend Pil., and a Rune and Tarot reading for my friend Nik. who has a big decision to make in relation to whether to begin work in the Palo Mayombe tradition and requested some insight from me and Saint Cyprian on the subject.

As night came, I performed Solomonic ritual bathing using hyssop as per the oldest-known surviving manuscript of the Key of Solomon proper, Sloane 3847, The Clavicle of Solomon revealed by Ptolomy the Grecian, (“And sprinkle thy self with the water coniured one such manner as it is sayd after of water and Isope upon thy face sayinge, &c.”).

As the Hour of the Moon began on this Day of the Moon on a potent Full Moon, I took up my Solomonic Bell and ringing it as per the Hygromanteia, entered my Circle, dressed in my white robe, stole, and carrying my Solomonic Wand. I arranged Saint Cyprian’s Altar with his Statue, which I recently consecrated by Mass, as well as exorcised, and Solomonically consecrated after a 9 day Novena culminating on his Feast Day, when I took him as my Patron. I also had on the Altar, my Solomonic Holy Water, San Cipriano Oil, my Solomonic Bell, my brass ‘Cauldron’ filled with white sand and containing Frankincense, a glass of Red Wine as an Offering, Cyprian’s water glass Offering, an Offering of Church wafers for Cyprian, and the complete set of Amethyst Runes.

I lit a candle as an Offering to the Most High and asked for His blessing and that he send the Spirit of Wisdom and Revelation (Ephesians 1:17) to aid me in this Operation. I sounded my Solomonic Bell to the Four Quarters as per the Key of Solomon’s instructions for the Bell/Trumpet, blessing the Spirits and Angels of each Direction in turn and requesting their aid in the ceremony.  As I did this, I began to feel the presence of Spirits drawing to the Circle, curious as to what I was up to, as tends to happen. I blessed them and asked them to aid in the Ceremony as they could and bound them not to interfere with it adversely by the name of יהוה I then gave formal Offerings to Saint Cyprian of a glass of water, a glass of wine, Church wafers, and Frankincense.

After preliminary prayers, I stated the Intent of the Ceremony and then began the formal Solomonic exorcisms and consecrations of the Runes. While praying over them, I washed each one in turn with Solomonic Holy Water, asperged them with my Aspergillum,  suffumigated them with Frankincense, and anointed them with the Oil of Saint Cyprian while invoking his aid to empower them for use in divination. I then invoked Raphael, Gabriel, Michael, and Uriel and asked them for their aid in consecration and empowering the Runes as well. I had such a feeling of holy joy after their Invocation that my heart felt much at peace and brimming with love for the kind and inestimably powerful Archangels.

I then performed the Rite of the Crook of Saint Cyprian that Cyprian had taught me, adding the goal of the Ceremony into the petition section. This was the first time I’ve applied the Rite in practical magic since I first tried it after Cyprian revealed it and I found it quite powerful. After I performed it, the Crucifix hanging around Cyprian”s neck began to sway as it sometimes does when he’s actively assisting in a ritual.

Thereafter, I proceeded to a series of prayers over the Runes, the OSC’s Canticle of Saint Cyprian, other prayers from the Saint Cyprian Orisons book, and the recitation of a series of Psalms over the Runes to consecrate them as per the Solomonic tradition. I finished the consecration by reciting two of my favourite Surahs from the Holy Qur’an, namely al-Fatiha and al-Adiyat over the Runes. I was amazed at the deep sense of silence that came over the Temple as I finished the Qur’anic recitations. They never cease to amaze me with their power and depth.

I then took up the Runes and asked for Cyprian’s help to use them to perform their first Three Norn reading as a gift to my friend Nik. for guidance in whether or not he should pursue initiation into Palo Mayombe followed by a ten-card Tarot reading on the same subject. Thereafter, I blessed and greeted the Spirits in the Four Quarters with the ringings of the Solomonic Bell, gave the License to Depart, released any Spirits that may have been captured in the ceremony with the blessings of Yeheshuah Yehovashah, and formally closed the Temple.

When I picked up the consecrated Runes, I already began to feel a deep connection to them. They will remain on Cyprian’s Altar for the next 9 days to complete their charging and final consecration phase, and then I will consecrate them by Mass 1-3 times to finalize their preparation.

Cryptoconsecratio: Reflections on the Magical Consecration by Mass in the Solomonic Grimoires

By Adam J. Pearson

The Marginalized Method: Introduction to the Magical Consecration by Mass

Consecration is one of the fundamental methods, not only of the traditional priestly art of the exoteric priest, but also of the traditional Medieval and Renaissance Magician. As Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa (2000) reveals in his Third Books of Occult Philosophy, priests and Magicians alike have long used a variety of different methods to consecrate magical and sacred objects, methods which range from the use of sacred bells to the casting of exorcised salt and sanctified Holy Water:

“Bells by consecration and benediction receive virtue that they drive away and restrain lightnings, and tempests, that they hurt not in those places where their sounds are heard; in like manner Salt and Water, by their benedictions and exorcisms, receive power to chase and drive away evil spirits” (Agrippa, 2000).

The exorcisms and benedictions by consecrated Water and Salt of Art to which Agrippa alludes here are well-known to Solomonic Magicians; indeed instructions for both are presented in Chapters 5 and 11 of Book II of Peterson’s (2004) Clavicula Salomonis or Key of Solomon. Elsewhere, Agrippa (2000) alludes to the use of Fire and Incense in exorcisms, consecrations, and blessings of magical tools, as in the suffumigations we find within the Key (Peterson, 2004).

However, the commensurate power of bells themselves to exorcise and bless sacred spaces within the Solomonic tradition is often neglected; for this reason, I undertook a detailed and comprehensive study of the use of Bells and Trumpets of Art in the Solomonic grimoires. However, both the great Agrippa himself and contemporary magicians like myself who humbly stand on his shoulders have long omitted one additional method of consecration that is employed in the Medieval and Renaissance grimoires. Indeed, this marginalized method remains as oft-neglected, understudied, or dismissed as the consecrational use of Bells.

This mysterious method is none other than the method of consecration by Mass, which I will define for the purposes of this article as:

The process of spiritually empowering or sanctifying either Magicians or magical objects through their presence in the formal performance of liturgical or votive Christian Masses.

In this article, I will analyze a series of key instances of this oft-neglected formula in three Solomonic grimoires, namely, Juratus Honorii or the The Sworne Booke of Honorius, Sloane 3847 – The Clavicle of Solomon Revealed by Ptolomy the Grecian, and the Heptameron or Magical Elements. After thus establishing a theoretical and historical grounding for the method, I will then proceed to share some practical suggestions for how contemporary Magicians can apply this magical technique in order to optimally benefit from its powers and most closely follow the protocols outlined by the grimoiric systems.

In History and Manuscripts: Consecration by Mass in the Solomonic Grimoire Tradition

The method of consecration by Mass occurs in multiple grimoires, perhaps because the power of the Mass as a magico-spiritual ceremony was vividly apparent to the clerical authors who penned the Late Medieval and Renaissance texts (Leitch, 2009). In order to illustrate some examples of both how the method was traditionally applied as well as the contexts in which it was used, I will briefly consider three grimoiric examples here, namely, those of Juratus Honorii or the The Sworne Booke of Honorius, Sloane 3847 – The Clavicle of Solomon Revealed by Ptolomy the Grecian, and the Heptameron or Magical Elements.

1. Magical Consecration by Mass in The Sworne Booke of Honorius

First, Liber Juratus Honorii or the The Sworne Booke of Honorius has the distinction of being one of the earliest extant Medieval grimoires available to contemporary practitioners and scholars; indeed the most reliable and complete manuscript of the text, Sloane 3854, art. 9, fol 117-144, seems to date to the 14th century (Peterson, 2009). In this fascinating text, the method of consecration by Mass is interestingly employed, not to purify, bless, and empower magical objects, but to enact the same sacred transformation on the Magician. As Joseph H. Peterson’s (2009) edition of the text lays bare, Liber Juratus requires the Magician to enlist the help of a “wary and faithful” priest who is willing to work with and purify him–in keeping with its historical context and Medieval gender biases, the text assumes a male practitioner–for his [sic] Operations with the spirits. As the text explains,

Let [the Magician] have a wary and a faithful priest which may say unto him … a Mass of the Holy Ghost, and in his introit let him say the 13th prayer, and after the offertory the 9th prayer. Then take frankincense and incense and cense the altar saying the first prayer, and because the holy fathers did trust in the saints that were there named, therefore they did so, and if he that shall work have more devotion to any other saints, then be there named, let him change name for name, for faith doth always work, as I said before.

Then let the 2nd prayer be said immediately and after te igiter in the Mass; let be said the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th, and 8th prayers in consecrating of the Body of Christ, let the priest pray for him that shall work that through the grace of God he may obtain the effect of his petition. And so must the priest do in all his prayers that he shall say for him that shall work, but add nothing else to them. Also after the Communion, the priest shall say the 26th prayer, and after mass he that shall work shall receive the sacrament saying the 19th and 20th prayer.

But let him take heed that he receive not the Body of Christ for an evil purpose, for that were death unto him, wherefore some men have entitled this book calling it The Death of the Soul, and that is true to them that work for an evil intent and purpose, and not to have some science or some good thing; for the Lord sayeth “Ask, and it shall be given you, seek and ye shall finde,” and in another place he sayeth “where 2 or 3 are gathered together in my name, I am in the midst of them and everything that they shall ask the father in my name and he will fulfill and do it.”

The Magician of Liber Juratus is held to a very high standard of moral purity, a spiritual and ritual state that is here magnified by the priest’s consecration of “he that shall work”–the text’s term for the Magician or Exorcist–by the power of the Mass and Holy Communion (Peterson, 2009).

Two additional things are worth noting about this interesting passage. First, the particular Mass that the grimoire recommends is a special ‘votive’ or devotional mass called the “Mass of the Holy Ghost,” now called the “Mass of the Holy Spirit,” which was used in the 14th century to invoke the Holy Spirit and ask for guidance and wisdom; the invocation of Divine power and wisdom is, of course, very relevant to the work of a Christian Magician.

Second, the Mass is here given in a modified version in which the specific numbered prayers given in the grimoire are inserted into it and the priest prays for the success of the Magician’s operation at the most auspicious of moments, namely, during the “consecration of the Body of Christ,” in which the wafer was believed by Catholics to be transubstantiated from an ordinary wafer into Christ’s body itself. The net effect of making these changes to the standard script of the Mass is to produce a kind of grimoiric Mass that is an explicitly magical ritual in itself through its connection to the Liber Juratus procedures.

Later in the text, the Magician is instructed to conduct a prolonged series of fasts, prayers, and purifications, and once again, is instructed to attend the Mass. Here, however, “he that shall work” is instructed to say specific prayers, which are given in the text, while receiving the Holy Communion or the Body and Blood of Christ in the Church (Peterson, 2009). As Liber Juratus explains:

If therefore anybody wishes to operate with those spirits, we must first warn him strictly that he must be thoroughly purified, as we have said in the preceding, until he comes to the fourteenth day, on which day he must begin his fast. Then when the Mass of the Holy Spirit is being said or celebrated, when the operator is receiving the Body of Christ (eucharist), he should say prayers 19 and 20 (LXXVII-LXXIX), as we have said, when the priest is holding up the Body of Christ (i.e. wafer), to reveal it to the congregation, he should pray on behalf of the Operation.

This passage is noteworthy because it lays bear the notion that for the author of Liber Juratus, the exoteric Mass and the esoteric work of the conjurer were not seen as two separate things, as some contemporary theorists who postulate a rigid divide between the techniques of “magic” and “religion” may suggest. Instead, the work of the Mass was part of the magic and supplied part of its spiritual empowerment; in the Liber Juratus‘s system, the preparatory purifying Rites and the later callings of the spirits are part of a single magico-religious continuum. Indeed, without the consecration by Mass, the Magician was held to be unfit and insufficiently purified to proceed with the Operations with spirits (Peterson, 2009).

2. Magical Consecration by Mass in Sloane 3847 – The Clavicle of Solomon Revealed by Ptolomy the Grecian

Second, the same principle that the Christian Mass itself has the power to consecrate both practitioners and tools of the Art is applied in another grimoiric text, namely, Sloane 3847 – The Clavicle of Solomon Revealed by Ptolomy the Grecian. This text is one of the earliest available manuscripts of the Key of Solomon and seems to date to 1572, the only earlier one I’m aware of being BNF or Bibliothèque Nationale de France Ital 1524, which dates to 1446 (Peterson, 1999).  In Sloane 3847, the method of consecration by Mass is applied not only in the consecration of the Tools of the Art, but also in the consecration of the Pentacles. As will be seen, the process given for consecrating the Pentacles is considerably more involved and demanding in this manuscript than in later manuscripts of the Clavicula Salomonis, which may suggest that later writers may have abrogated the text to simplify the method.

In Sloane 3847, the Magician is required to have not one, but multiple Masses said over the Planetary Pentacle to consecrate and empower it, as the text explains:

The Pentacles be made upon

day, and in the hour of Mercury,(…). Have a house or secret chamber clean and goodly wherein shall none inhabit, but the cheefe coniurer and his fellowes, and make a fumigation there and sprinckle it with y^ewater, as it is said (…) and have your paper or better, virgin paper and begin that hour to write the foresayde pentacle of noble collour as is emabrium or celestem coniured and exorsized as it is sayd.

For the Pen and the Inke, let them be writt and other thinges to be exorsized, and when they be written perfectly, that hour if they be not completed, doe not cease untill they be fullfilled when ye may. Then take some noble cloth of silke wherin ye may hold the foresayd pentacles, and have there an earthen pot great, and full of coales, and let there be of ligno mastico masculo & ligno aloe, coniured, and let y^e coniurer be cleare [24v] as it is meete, and have there prepared Arthanum nupatum [the Quill knife] in the juice of pimpernell and the blood of a goose made and completed upon Mercuries day in the augementinge [waxing] of the moone where upon let 3 Masses be songe with gospells and fumigate it with fumigations of y^e knife, that ye must cut and make maicum Isopi [hyssop], with your whole minde and humble deuotion, sayinge these Psalmes with y^eoration followinge…

Nor is that all. The Magician is then required to complete a series of prayers over the next three days, and “cause” an additional series of Masses to be said over the Pentacle to activate it and en-spirit it with magical force:

Say this 3 dayes continuall upon the foresayed pentacles and cause 3 Masses to be sayed of y^e Holy Ghost, and one of Our Lady, and afterward put the foresaid signes, in a silke cloth with goodly sauours, and put them up in a cleane place.

And when it is neede, ye may worke as it is said of the artes magicall, of thy cloth were decked with gold it were of more efficacye, and when they be put in a cleane place, fumigate them and sprincle them with water and Isope [hyssop] and soe let them alone. They have immumerable vertues as it is contained heareafter.

Nor is the formula of consecration by Mass only applied for Pentacles. The Clavicle also requires it for the consecration of “the Conjurer’s” tools, such as the Knife, Wand, and Needle:

With such a knife as the circles should be made with, if it be greevous for you to make such a knife, finde some knife of the foresaid fashion, with a haft all white or all blacke, and write upon manicumor haft the foresaid wordes, after the mañer aforesaid of that knife, and upon the plate begiñinge from the poynt, write with encausto conjured, Alpha et omega, agla, Ja, el, ou, premeumaton, syrnel, afrnel, and cause to be sayd over this knife 3 masses, one of the holy ghost and 2 of our Lady and fumigate him, with the fumigations followinge, and blesse him with water as followeth, conjuring sayinge, in nomine patris filii et S. Sancti Amen, and put him in a silke cloth, of such as followeth, until ye will worke, and of that knife let the circles of artes be made, and with that knife, let things necessary to the artes or experiments be cut, likewise let Artanus be made, but they neede not to be put in any operation. Let other Instruments of Iron, or staves, or rodds excersised in artes or experiments be consecrated, on that mañer, if they be Instrum^ts Let them be made on

dayes and his Hour as it is said of y^e knife, and Arthano [the quill knife], and let these that followeth be written upon them…

This passage is fascinating for a number of reasons. First, it seems to suggest that a single knife can be used, not both a black-handled knife and a white-handled knife as in later manuscripts, but a knife “with a haft [handle] all white or all black” (Peterson, 1999). This small, but significant difference places this manuscript more closely in line with the Hygromanteia, which only features a single knife (Marathakis, 2011). As Dr. Stephen Skinner explains in his detailed analysis within the same edition of the text, in the Hygromanteia,

The blade of the knife must be from an older sword or knife that has brought death, but the handle must be made from the horn of a black he-goat. P has she-goat instead and G does not refer to the handle at all. According to A, B, G and B3 certain nomina barbara have to be written on the knife, and it must be constructed on the day and the hour of Mars.

Except for this section and the subsequent mentions of the black handled knife in the making of the pen, the parchment and the circle, the manuscripts mention the knife in relation to a number of independent divinatory operations that will be treated of below. The oldest reference to the black-handled knife, brought to my attention by David Rankine, comes from Rashi (Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki), the famous 11th century commentator of the Talmud. Rashi, commenting on a Talmudic passage, says:

“He who is particular about the vessel (by means of which he divines), that he cannot do anything without the vessel that is required for that thing, as, for instance, the “princes of the thumb”, for which they require a knife, the handle of which is black, or the “princes of the cup”, that they require a cup of glass.” (…)

Another early reference to the black handled knife can be found in the Recension C of the Testament of Solomon, which, according to McCown may belong to the 12th or 13th century. In this text, Beelzeboul says:

“Take fifty one in number black unborn kids, bring me a new knife with a handle made from black horn and attached by three rivets, and skin the kids [baby goats].”

It is additionally worth noting the explicit Christianity of this passage from the Clavicle, which not only requires “3 Masses, one of the Holy Ghost and 2 of our Lady [the Virgin Mary]” to be said over the Knife of Art, but also conjures the Knife by means of the Trinity, “in nomine patris filii et S. Sancti Amen” (Peterson, 1999). This stands in contrast to later manuscripts of the Key of Solomon, which eliminate all Christian references in an attempt to make the text appear entirely Jewish, and thus, more in line with the religion of its pseudepigraphic author, King Solomon.

In the interests of brevity, I will not quote all of the passages concerning consecrations by Mass in the Clavicle, for there are many, but it may suffice to say in summary that Masses are also required to be recited over the “Virgin Wax or Earth” (“three Masses”), the Needle of Art (“three Masses”), the Virgin Parchment (“three Masses”), and the Silk Cloth for wrapping implements of the Art (a staggering “9 Masses!) (Peterson, 1999).

As these passages reveal, consecration by Mass was considered by the author of the Clavicle, that is, Pseudo-Ptolemy the Grecian in Sloane 3847, to be a fundamental and essential magical technique for consecrating all of the Tools of the Art as well as the Pentacles produced using the Clavicular method (Peterson, 1999).  As such, the absence of consecration by Mass in later manuscripts of the Key, arguably a product of attempts to streamline and facilitate the Solomonic method, is remarkably conspicuous.

3. Magical Consecration by Mass in The Heptameron or Magical Elements Pseudepigraphically attributed to Peter de Abano

Third, consecration by Mass also figures strongly in the Heptameron or Magical Elements, in two key respects, namely, the consecrations of the Pentacle and Garment and the Sword of Art. As the text, in Peterson’s (2018) edition, explains:

The Operator ought to be clean and purified by the space of nine daies before the beginning of the work, and to be confessed, and receive the holy Communion. Let him have ready the perfume appropriated to the day wherein he would perform the work. He ought also to have holy water from a Priest, and a new earthen vessel with fire, a Vesture and a Pentacle; and let all these things be rightly and duly consecrated and prepared. Let one of the servants carry the earthen vessel full of fire, and the perfumes, and let another bear the book, another the Garment and Pentacle, and let the master carry the Sword; over which there must be said one mass of the Holy Ghost.”

Similarly, a later passage clarifies that the consecration by Mass must not only be performed for the Sword, but also for the Pentacle:

Let it be a Priest’s Garment, if it can be had, let it be of linen, and clean. Then take this Pentacle made in the day and hour of Mercury, the Moon increasing, written in parchment made of a kids skin [goat skin]. But first let there be said over it the Mass of the holy Ghost, and let it be sprinkled with water of baptism

As these passages reveal, the Pseudo-Peter de Abano of the Heptameron also saw the consecration by Mass to be a crucially important method for imbuing the Sword and Pentacle with their magical power.

To bring these three analyses together, the magical theoretic logic at play behind both Juratus’ consecration of the Magician by Mass and the Clavicle and Heptameron’s consecrations of the Tools and Pentacles by Mass seems to be largely the same. In both cases, proximity to or immersion in the Holy Mass brings the Magician and the Tools into sympathetic resonance with the holy forces that they are intended to help conjure and direct to magical ends.

To the Catholic Magicians who penned these three grimoires, it was only natural to draw upon the most powerful ceremony of which they were aware, in which the Body and Blood of their Saviour were symbolically ingested in the Mystery of Eucharist, to empower their instruments, a logic Agrippa explains in his analyses of sympathetic “occult vertue” (Agrippa, 2000). Indeed, the fact that the method of consecration by Mass recurs in so many influential and early texts only makes its glaring omission by most modern Magicians all the more striking. By omitting it, contemporary practitioners risk leaving out a key component of the magical method and theory enshrined in these pivotal texts.

Resurrecting the Consecration by Mass: Practical Suggestions for the Contemporary Practitioner

In light of the method’s powerful historical legacy in the grimoires and in the interests of faithfulness to the source texts, what are contemporary practitioners to do if they wish to implement the consecration by Mass into their own 21st-century work?

Three main options remain open to contemporary Magicians:

1) They can follow Liber Juratus and try to find a “faithful and wary” ordained priest who is willing to help in performing Masses over them or their magical implements. This is possible in some cases, but priests willing to cooperate in occult enterprises can be few and far between. This unfortunate state of affairs is predominantly due to the continued stigmatization of esotericism as necessarily and intrinsically demonic that reigns within the contemporary Church. With that said, Reverend Aaron Leitch does offer a service of consecration by Mass for those who would like to enlist his services.

2) They can become ordained as priests and perform the Masses over their own implements ourselves. To aid and support those who are interested in doing this, I have included a full Latin text of the “Mass of the Holy Ghost” called for in the aforementioned grimoires in Appendix I of this article. The journey to authentic ordination is a long one requiring great devotion and commitment, but this second option is often still easier than the first, and indeed, I know several individuals who have taken this approach.

3) The third and final method is the approach I affectionately refer to as cryptoconsecratio, that is, the clandestine consecration of objects performed in public. In this case, cryptoconsecratio entails bringing magical items to Church and praying over and consecrating them secretly during the Mass itself.

One challenge posed by this latter approach, however, is that, as we have already seen, the “Mass of the Holy Spirit” prescribed above is not the standard Sunday liturgical Mass, but rather a votive or devotional Mass that is rarely performed by most Churches today at all if not once or a few times per year (Rex, 2014). Thankfully, practical experimentation has revealed that the standard Mass, while not as optimally aligned with the grimoiric specifications as the Mass of the Holy Spirit, works nearly as well for our purposes.

Practical Tips for Cryptoconsecrating Magical Objects by Mass

Those who would like to attempt the cryptoconsecratio method of consecration by Mass, can facilitate their task by placing magical items in an unsuspicious bag such as a backpack, purse or satchel, which they bring with them into the Church. Ideally, the objects to be consecrated would be placed as close to the Altar as possible; indeed, the grimoires’ authors envisioned the items being placed on the Altar itself. However, as per Agrippan occult philosophical logic, the items can remain in the pews if necessary; since the Mass technically unfolds throughout the entire Church, its “occult vertue” and sympathetic empowerment can still be transferred to any location within the Church during the Mass provided appropriate and effective prayers are used to direct the process (Agrippa, 2000).

The closer to the Altar, the better, however. The boldest Magicians can sit in the front row and thereby be as close to the Altar as they can possibly be without being the officiating priests themselves. If practitioners are performing the clandestine cryptoconsecratio from their pews with the items in a bag beside them, then during the Mass, they can simply and discretely place a hand over the items to be consecrated and pray over them to complete the consecration.

Praying over the items multiple times throughout the Mass seems to be most effective approach, as practical experimentation has revealed. However, the most crucial moment to perform such clandestine prayers is when the priest is initiating the transubstantiation or the mystic transformation of the bread and wine into the Blood and Body of Christ (Peterson, 2009). Liber Juratus makes the esoteric potency of this moment abundantly clear in the aforementioned passage regarding the prayers to be recited by “he that shall work” (Peterson, 2009). Following Agrippa once again, the magical rationale is clear; since the priest is performing a sacred transformation, the moment is pregnant with the ‘occult vertue’ of that sacred transformative power–quite like an auspicious and benefic astrological election–thus facilitating the consecration of the targeted magical objects by the Mass (Agrippa, 2000).

At this point, I anticipate that my intelligent and practically-minded readers will likely pose a very understandable question: what about the Sword — surely it’s not so easy to cryptoconsecrate as small objects?

Admittedly, the Sword of Art’s size does seem to pose a problem. Thankfully, however, it is one easily solved. Since the Sword does not fit in most bags, it can instead be placed in the case of a musical instrument — a guitar case, for instance, works remarkably well. Once again, as in the case of the bags, clandestine practitioners need only place a hand over the Sword as it lies hidden in its case and pray over it to consecrate it during the Mass. Exorcisms of the items to be consecrated can be done in the Magician’s private Temple prior to going to Church for the Mass and final suffumigations and Holy Water sprinklings of the items can be done upon returning home.

In short, whether through a priestly ally, through becoming priests, or through discrete cryptoconsecratio performed during Masses officiated by others, the method of consecration by Mass remains accessible to this day.

A Mystic Legacy with Enduring Value: Concluding Words on an Ongoing Practice

In conclusion, the method of consecration by Mass has a respectable grimoiric pedigree and remains accessible today through methods such as the three approaches suggested in this article. Grimoiric traditionalists and Christian Magicians may find particular value in the method. Non-Christian practitioners with an open-mind and a curiosity about magical methods from other cultures, however, may still find that the method offers a fertile magical technology under-girded by hundreds of years of esoteric history as well as a fascinating avenue for exploration.

Appendix I – The Latin text of the ‘Mass of the Holy Ghost/Spirit,’ shared here from the Public Domain (for the English text, see this List of Resources from BJ Swayne):

Missa de Spiritu Sancto

Introitus. Sap. l, 7.

Spíritus Dómini replévit orbem terrárum: et hoc, quod cóntinet ómnia, sciéntiam habet vocis.

(T.P. Allelúja, allelúja.)

Ps. 67,2.

Exsúrgat Deus, et dissipéntur inimíci ejus: et fúgiant, qui odérunt eum, a fácie ejus.

℣. Glória Patri.

Oratio.

Deus, qui corda fidélium Sancti Spíritus illustratióne docuísti: da nobis in eódem Spíritu recta sápere; et de ejus semper consolatióne gaudére. Per Dóminum . . . in unitáte ejúsdem Spíritus Sancti.

Léctio Actuum Apostólorum.

Act. 8, 14-17.

In diébus illis: Cum audíssent Apóstoli, qui erant Jerosólymis, quod recepísset Samaría verbum Dei, misérunt ad eos Petrum et Joánnem. Qui cum veníssent, oravérunt pro ipsis, ut accíperent Spíritum Sanctum: nondum enim in quemquam illórum vénerat, sed baptizáti tantum erant in nómine Dómini Jesu. Tunc imponébant manus super illos, et accipiébant Spíritum Sanctum

Graduale.

Ps. 32, 12 et 6.

Beáta gens, cujus est Dóminus Deus eórum: pópulus, quem elégit Dóminus in hereditátem sibi.

℣. Verbo Dómini coeli firmáti sunt: et Spíritu oris ejus omnis virtus eórum.

Allelúja, allelúja. (Hic genuflectitur)

℣. Veni, Sancte Spíritus, reple tuórum corda fidélium: et tui amóris in eis ignem accénde. Allelúja.

Post Septuagesimam, omissis Allelúja et
Versu sequenti, dicitur:

Tractus. Ps. 103, 30.

Emítte Spíritum tuum, et creabúntur: et renovábis fáciem terræ.

℣. O quam bonus et suávis est, Dómine, Spíritus tuus in nobis! (Hic genuflectitur)

℣. Veni, Sancte Spíritus, reple tuórum corda fidélium: et tui amóris in eis ignem accénde.

Tempore autem Paschali omittitur Graduale,
et ejus loco dicitur:

Allelúja, allelúja.

℣. Ps. 103, 30.

Emítte Spíritum tuum, et creabúntur: et renovábis fáciem terræ. Allelúja. (Hic genuflectitur)

℣. Veni, Sancte Spíritus, reple tuórum corda fidélium: et tui amóris in eis ignem accénde. Allelúja.

✠ Sequéntia sancti Evangélii secúndum Joánnem.

Joann. 14, 23-31.

In illo témpore: Dixit Jesus discípulis suis: Si quis diligit me, sermónem meum servábit, et Pater meus díliget eum, et ad eum veniémus, et mansiónem apud eum faciémus: qui non díligit me, sermónes meos non servat Et sermónem quem audístis, non est meus: sed ejus, qui misit me, Patris. Hæc locútus sum vobis, apud vos manens. Paráclitus autem Spíritus Sanctus, quem mittet Pater in nómine meo, ille vos docébit ómnia et súggeret vobis ómnia, quæcúmque díxero vobis.

Pacem relínquo vobis, pacem meam do vobis: non quómodo mundus dat, ego do vobis. Non turbátur cor vestrum neque fórmidet. Audístis, quia ego dixi vobis: Vado et vénio ad vos. Si diligerétis me, gauderétis útique, quia vado ad Patrem; quia Pater major me est. Et nunc dixi vobis, priúsquam fiat: ut, cum factum fúerit, credátis. Jam non multa loquar vobíscum. Venit enim princeps mundi hujus, et in me non habet quidquam. Sed ut cognóscat mundus, quia díligo Patrem, et sicut mandátum dedit mihi Pater, sic fácio.

Offertorium. Ps. 67, 29-30.

Confírma hoc, Deus, quod operátus es in nobis: a templo tuo, quod est in Jerúsalem, tibi ófferent reges múnera. (T.P. Allelúja.)

Secreta.

Múnera, quǽsumus, Dómine, obláta sanctífica: et corda nostra Sancti Spíritus illustratióne emúnda. Per Dóminum . . in unitáte ejusdem Spíritus Sancti.

Præfatio de Spiritu Sancto.

Communio. Act. 2, 2 et 4.

Factus est repénte de cælo sonus tamquam adveniéntis spíritus veheméntis, ubi erant sedéntes: et repléti sunt omnes Spíritu Sancto, loquéntes magnália Dei.
(T.P.Allelúja.)

Postcommunio.

Sancti Spíritus, Dómine, corda nostra mundet infúsio: et sui roris íntima aspersióne fecúndet. Per Dóminum . . . in unitáte ejúsdem Spíritus Sancti (Zardetti, 1888).

References

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Leitch, A. (2009). Secrets of the Magickal Grimoires: The Classical Texts of Magick Decyphered. Woodbury: Llewellyn Publications.

Marathakis, I. (2011). The Magical Treatise of Solomon or Hygromanteia. Singapore: Goldon Hoard Press.

Peterson, J. H. (2004). Clavicula Salomonis or The Key of Solomon. [online eBook]. Esoteric Archives. Available at: http://www.esotericarchives.com/solomon/ksol.htm [Accessed 01 October 2018].

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Peterson, J. H. (1999). Sloane 3847 – The Clavicle of Solomon, Revealed by Ptolomy the Grecian. [online eBook]. Esoteric Archives. Available at: http://www.esotericarchives.com/solomon/ksol.htm [Accessed 01 October 2018].

Rex, R. (2014). The Religion of Henry VIII. The Historical Journal, 57(1), 1-32.

Zardetti, O. (1888). Special Devotion to the Holy Ghost. New York: General Books.